Substrates must be sound, clean, and free of dust, oil, and laitance. Moisture tolerance depends on product, but standing water and active seepage generally cause poor adhesion and pinholing. Porous surfaces often require priming to prevent excessive absorption and to improve bond. Curing needs adequate ventilation, temperature above the product minimum, and low enough humidity to allow water to evaporate. Thick coats should be built in layers to avoid skinning and trapped moisture. Backfilling or traffic should wait until full cure and target film thickness are confirmed.