The process parameters influencing dirt modification in asphalt or bitumen modification include temperature, mixing time, and shear rate. Higher temperatures can enhance the dispersion of dirt particles, while optimal mixing time ensures uniform distribution. Shear rate affects the viscosity and flow characteristics of the modified asphalt, impacting the interaction between dirt and bitumen. Additionally, the type and size of dirt particles, as well as the presence of additives, can also significantly influence the modification process.