Core components are base bitumen, water, emulsifier, acid or alkali for pH control depending on emulsion type, and optional stabilizers, polymers, latex, or rubber modifiers. Dosing systems must provide accurate mass or flow control for soap solution and bitumen feed, with inline pH measurement and controlled acid dosing. Water heating, bitumen heating, and a high shear colloid mill are essential. A water treatment stage may be required for consistent results.