“Optimal” depends on surface texture, traffic, and the product type, so contractors should follow the manufacturer’s spec and validate with a test strip. In general, higher solids support faster build and fewer coats, but too high can reduce workability and increase streaking risk. Low solids may soak in and require more passes to reach target dry film thickness. Application rate should be set to achieve a uniform cured film without puddling, tracking, or pinholes. Multiple thin coats often outperform one heavy coat because cure is more complete and cracking risk is lower.