Gilsonite is preferred when higher hardness, higher softening point, or improved fuel and solvent resistance is needed, often in industrial pavements, specialty binders, or high-performance mixes, but it adds cost and can reduce low-temperature flexibility if overused. Asphalt emulsion is preferred for water-based application, safer handling, lower VOC, and cost-effective surface treatments, tack, and many waterproofing systems. From a cost-performance view, choose gilsonite for chemical and rut resistance, and emulsions for broad coverage, logistics simplicity, and safer application.