Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) enhances the performance characteristics of asphalt by improving its elasticity, temperature resistance, and durability. The modification process involves incorporating polymers, such as SBS or EVA, into the bitumen, which alters its molecular structure. Characterization techniques, such as dynamic shear rheometry (DSR) and penetration tests, assess the viscoelastic properties and performance under various temperatures. This ensures that the modified bitumen meets specific engineering requirements, leading to longer-lasting and more resilient asphalt pavements.