Modified bitumen roofing is applied using a torch-down or self-adhering method, where the modified bitumen sheets are heated or adhered to the substrate. This process enhances flexibility and durability. In contrast, TPO (Thermoplastic Olefin) roofing is typically mechanically fastened or adhered with adhesives, utilizing heat-welded seams for a watertight seal. While modified bitumen relies on asphalt-based materials, TPO is a single-ply membrane made from thermoplastic materials, offering distinct installation techniques and performance characteristics.