Emulsions are water based dispersions, typically with lower volatile organic emissions compared to cutbacks that use petroleum solvents. This difference affects transport classification, storage ventilation, and environmental permitting. Operationally, emulsions require pH control, water quality management, and protection from freezing, while cutbacks require solvent safety practices and often stricter fire and vapor controls. Emulsions break by interaction with aggregates and water evaporation, while cutbacks cure by solvent evaporation. Switching from cutback to emulsion typically reduces solvent handling risk but increases sensitivity to water chemistry and temperature.