Viscosity is mainly controlled by binder content, droplet size distribution, emulsifier system, pH, ionic strength, and modifiers like latex or polymer. In production, colloid mill shear and temperature set droplet size, while emulsifier coverage and pH determine how strongly droplets repel each other. Small changes in pH or salt level can thicken the emulsion or trigger partial breaking. In application, temperature and pump shear change apparent viscosity, and any premature breaking causes a sharp viscosity rise that leads to streaking or nozzle clogging.