Which equipment layout minimizes shear damage during bitumen emulsion production and transfer?

Minimize high shear after the mill and avoid long recirculation loops. Place the colloid mill close to finished product storage, use large diameter piping, gentle bends, and minimal throttling valves. Select low shear transfer pumps and keep suction lines short with adequate net positive suction head to prevent cavitation. Design separate lines for different grades if frequent switching is expected. Install filtration in a location that does not force high differential pressure. Keep sampling points and drains accessible to maintain cleanliness without excessive flushing turbulence.