How does particle charge influence adhesion and breaking behavior of bitumen emulsions?

Particle charge controls how emulsions interact with aggregates. Cationic emulsions bond well to many siliceous or acidic aggregates because the positively charged droplets are attracted to negatively charged mineral surfaces, often giving faster breaking and better early adhesion. Anionic emulsions can be preferred with certain alkaline aggregates or specific construction methods. Charge also affects compatibility with fillers, additives, and residual moisture, directly impacting breaking time and bond strength.