Protective coatings typically use slow-setting or specially formulated emulsions with higher residue, good film formation, and strong adhesion to concrete, steel, or masonry. Polymer-modified or rubberised emulsions are chosen where flexibility and crack-bridging are required. For corrosion resistance, products often function as primers or barrier coats under membranes. Key selection parameters include drying time, water resistance after curing, compatibility with topcoats, and performance under UV or buried service conditions.